• Strategic network design and multimodal freight planning emerge as core patterns: evaluating mutually exclusive link-improvement sets within a multi-decade horizon and integrating highway design with freight network assignments via GIS data fusion [1], [12], [11], [15].

• Demand modeling and trip distribution dominate; conventional and quick-response analyses, zonal forecasting inputs, and practice-oriented guidance for OD demands and traffic assignment are integrated, enabling responsive urban planning [6], [4], [3], [10].

• Dynamic traffic management and routing algorithms underpin real-time/diversion strategies and transit-network optimization, highlighting route/diversion control, transfer optimization, and passenger-terminal dynamics in operational settings [7], [18], [20], [19].

• Stochastic, probabilistic, and simulation-based analyses address variability in traffic flows and service performance, including large-population traffic models and bus-service on-time performance, reflecting a shift toward uncertainty-aware modeling [8], [16], [2].